Dictionary
From A to Z of Packaging Expertise
Dictionary
From A for filling to Z for certification
Filling
Filling refers to the process of filling PET bottles with products such as food, beverages, cleaning agents, or cosmetics. This process can take place in different environments, such as at room temperature, cold or hot.
Acetaldehyd (AA)
Acetaldehyde is a by-product of PET production. Small amounts can migrate into the product and affect its taste. For this reason, care is taken during PET production to keep the AA content as low as possible.
Amorphous
Amorphous refers to the state of PET when it has no crystalline structure. Amorphous PET is transparent and is often used for applications where clarity is important.
Barrier properties
The barrier properties of PET refer to its ability to retain gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, as well as moisture. This property is particularly important for food and beverage packaging.
Batches
In plastics processing, including PET production, the term “color batches” (or simply “batches”) refers to a specific amount of color pigments or concentrates that are mixed into the plastic mixing process to ensure uniform coloring of the end product. Color batches are pre-packaged color pigment mixtures that are added to the PET during the extrusion or injection molding process. These color mixtures contain pigments that provide the desired color of the end product. Color batches enable precise color control and uniform distribution of pigments in the plastic, which is crucial for the quality and consistency of the end product.
Blow molding
Blow molding is a process used to manufacture PET bottles. In this process, a PET blank (preform) is placed in a mold and blown to the desired size and shape using compressed air.
Bottle to Bottle
Bottle to Bottle (B2B) is a recycling process in which old PET bottles are collected, cleaned, and processed into new PET bottles. This process contributes significantly to the reduction of plastic waste.
Brilliance
Brilliance refers to the optical clarity and shine of PET bottles. A high degree of brilliance is particularly important for products that require an appealing presentation on the shelf.
Break resistance
Break resistance describes the ability of PET bottles to withstand mechanical stress such as impact and pressure without breaking. This property is crucial for the safety and integrity of the packaging.
CO2 barrier
The CO2 barrier is PET's ability to trap carbon dioxide. This is particularly important for carbonated beverages in order to preserve freshness and fizziness.
Carbon footprint
The carbon footprint of a PET bottle encompasses the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions released during its life cycle, from production to disposal or recycling. The aim is to keep this footprint as small as possible.
Decontamination
Decontamination refers to the process of cleaning recycled PET (rPET) to remove contaminants and make the material suitable for reuse in food packaging.
Design for Recycling
Design for Recycling (DfR) is a concept whereby PET bottles and packaging are designed to be easily recyclable. This encompasses aspects such as material selection, weight optimization, labeling, and closure design.
Coloring
Coloring refers to the addition of dyes to PET during production in order to manufacture colored bottles. These dyes must be food-safe and must not impair the recyclability of the material.
Esterification
Esterification is the chemical process by which PET is produced through the reaction of ethylene glycol with terephthalic acid. This is an essential step in PET production.
Labeling
Labeling is the process of applying labels or stickers to PET bottles. The labels contain important information such as ingredients, expiration date, and trademarks. Here, too, it is important that the labels are easy to remove in order to facilitate recycling.
Color
The colors of PET bottles can vary and include clear, transparent options as well as colored variants. The choice of color can be determined by aesthetic and functional considerations, such as light protection for light-sensitive products.
Color batches
In plastics processing, including PET production, the term “color batches” (or simply “batches”) refers to a specific amount of color pigments or concentrates that are mixed into the plastic mixing process to ensure uniform coloring of the end product. Color batches are pre-packaged color pigment mixtures that are added to the PET during the extrusion or injection molding process. These color mixtures contain pigments that provide the desired color of the end product. Color batches enable precise color control and uniform distribution of pigments in the plastic, which is crucial for the quality and consistency of the end product.
Fine atomizer
A fine atomizer is a mechanism that disperses liquid into fine droplets to enable even and fine distribution. In PET packaging, a fine atomizer is often used for products such as perfume or cleaning agents. It typically consists of a spray head that is adapted to the bottle to enable precise and controlled application of the product.
BOTTLE FINDER
The Bottle Finder is our online tool that helps our customers find the right PET bottle for their specific requirements based on volume, shape, and application.
Preform
A preform is a small, tubular PET blank that is shaped into a finished bottle by blow molding.
Dimensional stability
Dimensional stability refers to the ability of PET bottles to retain their shape under various conditions, such as temperature changes and mechanical stress.
MOLD DESIGN
Mold making is the process of manufacturing molds and tools used in the production of PET bottles. High-precision molds are crucial for the quality and consistency of the end products.
Dimensional stability
Dimensional stability refers to the ability of PET bottles to retain their shape under various conditions without deforming.
FSSC22000 certification
FSSC22000 certification is an internationally recognized standard for food safety management systems. PET manufacturers who hold this certification guarantee that their products meet the highest safety standards.
Neutral taste
Taste neutral means that PET bottles do not transfer any taste to the filled product. This is particularly important for food and beverages in order to ensure their quality and purity.
Granules
PET granulate is the starting form of PET before it is further processed into preforms or films by injection molding or extrusion.
Weight
The weight of a PET bottle affects material costs, transportation costs, and environmental impact. Lighter bottles are more cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
Weight optimization
Weight optimization refers to the process of reducing the weight of PET bottles without compromising strength and functionality. This saves material costs and reduces the carbon footprint.
Thread
In the context of PET bottles, the neck finish is the spiral-shaped area on the bottle that is intended for closing the bottle with a closure (cap). The neck finish ensures that the closure sits securely and firmly on the bottle in order to seal the product and prevent leakage
Specific types of neck finish for PET bottles
- 28mm Standard-Gewinde
- Verwendung: Widely used for soft drink and water bottles.
- Eigenschaften: This neck finish is often known as “BVS28” or “PCO 28” and is designed for most standard PE and PET bottle closures. It has a diameter of 28 mm and is known for its easy handling and tightness.
- 38mm-Gewinde
- Verwendung: Often used for larger bottles such as juice bottles or higher-volume water bottles.
- Eigenschaften: This neck finish offers more stability and is suitable for products that require a larger opening or a higher degree of closure tightness.
- 45mm-Gewinde
- Verwendung: Common on bottles for food or chemical packaging.
- Eigenschaften: Offers an even larger opening and is suitable for bottles that require a robust and secure seal, often in combination with special closure types such as screw or push closures.
- Spezial-Gewinde (Custom Threads)
- Verwendung: For special applications or requirements, such as closures with additional safety or sealing functions.
- Eigenschaften: These neck finishes can be adapted to specific needs, e.g. for use in high-pressure or high-temperature environments or to integrate special seals.
- Snap-on-Gewinde
- Verwendung: Mainly for quick and simple closure solutions with lower pressure or safety requirements.
- Eigenschaften: This type of neck finish allows the closure to be simply pushed onto the bottle, where it is held firmly in place by a special structure. It is often used for products that need to be opened and closed quickly.
- Tamper-evident neck finish (tamper-evident band / tethered caps)
- Verwendung: For products that require an intact seal and thus proof that they have not been tampered with, such as food and beverages.
- Eigenschaften: These types of neck finish are equipped with a security feature that breaks or tears off when the product is opened for the first time, so that any tampering is visible.
Each of these neck finish types is specifically designed to meet certain requirements, whether in terms of tightness, handling or safety. The choice of the right neck finish type depends on the intended application and the specific requirements of the product.
Hot filling
Hot filling is a process in which the product is filled into the PET bottle at high temperatures. PET bottles for hot fill must have special properties in order to withstand high temperatures.
HDPE (High-Density Polyethylen)
HDPE stands for high-density polyethylene, a plastic characterised by its high density and strength. HDPE is resistant to chemicals and moisture and is often used to manufacture robust packaging such as bottles for cleaning products, food containers and canisters.
Hotfill
Hot fill is a process in which products are filled into PET bottles at high temperatures. The bottles must be specially treated to withstand the temperatures without losing their shape or integrity.
IK Association
The IK (Industrievereinigung Kunststoffverpackungen e.V., the German plastic packaging industry association) is an organisation that represents the interests of plastic packaging manufacturers in Germany and promotes sustainable solutions and innovation in the industry.
Cold filling
Cold filling refers to the process in which liquids are filled into PET bottles at low temperatures. This method is often used for sensitive products that must not be affected by high temperatures, such as juices or certain foods. Cold filling helps to preserve the quality and freshness of the contents.
Crystallization
Crystallisation is a process in which PET takes on an ordered, crystalline structure. This can be achieved through heat treatment and gives PET additional strength and barrier properties.
Hinged lid
A flip-top cap is a type of closure that is attached to a hinge and can be flipped up to give access to the contents of the bottle or container. Flip-top caps are often used on PET packaging for products such as sauces or cosmetics, where quick and easy opening is desired.
Compostability
Compostability describes the ability of materials to biodegrade under certain conditions. Although PET is not compostable, there is research into the development of compostable alternatives.
Plastic packaging
Plastic packaging covers a wide range of products made from various types of plastic. PET is one of the most widely used plastics owing to its excellent properties for food and beverage containers.
Lebensmittelkonform
Food-compliant materials and packaging are those that are safe for contact with food. PET must meet strict regulatory requirements in order to be considered food-compliant.
Lebensmittelsicherheit
Food safety ensures that PET packaging does not release any harmful substances into food or beverages and that it is hygienically safe.
Monomer
A monomer is a single molecule that can combine with other monomers to form a polymer such as PET. Ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid are the monomers that make up PET.
Monomaterial
Mono-material refers to a packaging material that consists of only a single type of material. In relation to PET, mono-material means that a package is made entirely of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) without any other types of plastic or materials being added to the composition. Mono-material packaging can be recycled more easily and efficiently.
Mouthwash
Mouthwash refers to liquids used for oral hygiene. In the packaging industry, PET bottles are often used for mouthwashes, as PET is ideally suited to storing such products thanks to its barrier properties and clarity. PET bottles for mouthwash are typically fitted with a suitable closure to prevent the liquid from leaking and to maintain sterility.
Oval Shape
Oval bottles are bottles with an oval cross-section. This shape can offer both aesthetic and functional advantages, such as space-saving storage and a unique visual appearance. Oval bottles are often used for cosmetic and food products.
PET (Polyethylenterephthalat)
PET stands for polyethylene terephthalate, a widely used thermoplastic that is used in the packaging industry, particularly for bottles and containers. PET belongs to the polyester group and is characterised by its excellent properties, including:
PET panelless Hotfill Technik The panelless hot-fill technique is a common hot-fill process in which PET bottles are specially treated and manufactured to withstand high temperatures during the filling process. With the panelless hot-fill technique, nitrogen is added during the filling process. The resulting pressure build-up prevents volume contraction of the bottles as the hot products cool. This makes it possible to use hot-fill bottles without a ring structure or panels. This technique has several advantages. The smooth outer surface allows easy labelling. The bottle weight is lower and the bottle retains the same appearance as a cold-aseptic bottle. In addition, this technique impresses with its low bottle weight.
PET Standard Hotfill Technik Die PET Standard Hotfill Hot-fill technique refers to a specific hot-fill method in which PET bottles are designed with special panels or structured areas (ring structure). These panels allow controlled shrinkage of the bottle during the cooling process after hot filling. This maintains the structural integrity of the bottle without it deforming or losing strength. This technique improves the stability and handling of the bottle and is particularly useful for products that need to be filled at high temperatures.
Pilzverschluss
A mushroom cap is a special closure whose shape resembles a mushroom. It is frequently used on PET bottles for products such as cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. The mushroom cap can offer a tamper-evident function and ensures a secure seal that makes any tampering with the contents visible.
Pfandflaschen
Deposit bottles are PET bottles on which a deposit is charged at purchase and refunded when the empty bottles are returned. This system promotes the recycling and reuse of bottles.
Plastiksteuer
The plastic tax is a levy charged on the production and sale of plastic products in order to reduce the use of plastic and lessen the environmental impact.
PP (Polypropylen)
PP stands for polypropylene, another widely used plastic in the packaging industry. Polypropylene is known for its high temperature resistance, chemical resistance and strength. It is often used for closures, lids and other components that have to withstand additional stress or high temperatures.
PPWR
The PPWR (Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation) is an EU-wide set of rules aimed at reducing or minimising the environmental impact of packaging and promoting the recycling of packaging materials. The European Parliament approved the PPWR in November 2023.
Preform
Siehe Flaschenvorformling.
Push-Pull
Push-pull is a closure mechanism in which the cap is opened and closed by pushing or pulling. This mechanism is frequently used on PET bottles for beverages or sports drinks to allow simple, quick handling while minimising the risk of leakage.
Quality
Quality refers to the nature and properties of PET products that ensure they meet customers' requirements and expectations. This includes aspects such as material purity, strength, transparency and taste neutrality. High quality standards are crucial to guaranteeing the safety, functionality and aesthetics of PET packaging.
Quality control
Quality control comprises the systematic checking and monitoring of manufacturing processes and end products to ensure that PET products meet the specified quality standards and specifications. This includes testing material properties such as strength, transparency, taste neutrality and barrier properties, as well as inspections for possible production defects. At EPROPLAST, effective quality control is essential to guaranteeing the safety, reliability and satisfaction of our customers.
Recycling
Recycling refers to the process of collecting and processing PET waste in order to return it to the production cycle. rPET (recycled PET) is an important aspect of Sustainability in the plastics industry.
Ressourcen
Resources in connection with PET include raw materials such as crude oil and natural gas, which are needed to manufacture PET. Efficient use and recycling of PET help to conserve resources.
Rezyklat
Recycled content is recycled PET material made from reused PET products. It is increasingly used in the production of new PET bottles to reduce the use of virgin material.
rPET
Recycled PET, made from reused PET products. It helps to reduce plastic waste and environmental impact.
raw materials
Raw materials for PET comprise the base substances ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid, which react chemically to form the polymer PET.
Round Shape
Round bottles have a circular cross-section and are the most commonly used bottle shape in the PET packaging industry. They are widespread thanks to their simple manufacture and efficient handling. Round bottles are used for a wide range of products, including beverages, cleaning agents and cosmetics.
Carbon-free colours
Carbon-free colours are special colourants used for colouring PET that contain no carbon black particles. They are more environmentally friendly and improve the recyclability of the material. Carbon-free colours ensure that PET packaging can be reliably detected and sorted in the recycling process. EPROPLAST GmbH uses carbon-free colours exclusively.
Sammelquoten
Collection rates indicate the percentage of PET bottles produced that are collected and sent for recycling. High collection rates are an indicator of an efficient waste management system.
Seifenspender
A soap dispenser is a device used to dispense liquid soaps or similar products from a PET bottle. The dispenser may come in various designs, such as a pump mechanism or a push button. Soap dispensers allow controlled and hygienic dosing of the liquid.
Schraubverschluss
A screw cap is a type of closure that is screwed onto the bottle to seal it securely. Screw caps are widely used on PET bottles for beverages, food and cosmetic products. They provide a reliable seal that prevents leakage and ensures the contents are stored safely. Screw caps can also be fitted with tamper-evident features to guarantee the integrity of the product.
Injection moulding
Injection moulding is a process for manufacturing PET preforms. Molten PET is injected into a mould to obtain the desired shape.
Injection moulding machines
Injection moulding machines are machines used for the injection moulding of PET and other plastics. They are crucial for the production of high-quality preforms.
Streckblasen
Stretch blow moulding is a process for manufacturing PET bottles in which a preform is first heated and then mechanically stretched and simultaneously blown to achieve its final shape.
Trigger sprayer
A trigger sprayer is a closure used to spray liquids onto surfaces as a fine mist or droplets. In the context of PET packaging, a trigger sprayer is often used for products such as cleaning agents or disinfectants that require targeted application. The trigger sprayer can be attached to PET bottles to ensure even distribution of the product.
Terephthalic acid
Terephthalic acid is one of the two main monomers used to manufacture PET. It reacts with ethylene glycol to form PET.
Tethered Caps
Tethered caps are closures that remain permanently attached to the PET bottle to ensure that they are not lost after opening. This Innovation promotes recycling and reduces waste.
Thermoplast
Thermoplastic materials such as PET become soft and mouldable when heated and solid when cooled. This makes it possible to mould and recycle PET products.
Transparency
Transparency in PET refers to the clarity and see-through quality of the material, which is particularly important for packaging food and beverages so that the contents are clearly visible.
Triggerfix
Special thread segments prevent the trigger sprayers from loosening due to vibration – for a tight and secure seal.
UV stability
UV stability refers to the resistance of PET to UV radiation, which can weaken the material and impair its properties. UV-stable PET packaging protects the contents from the harmful effects of sunlight.
Verantwortung
Responsibility in the context of PET packaging comprises manufacturers' commitment to developing environmentally friendly products and promoting sustainable production methods.
Verstrecken
Stretching is the process of mechanically stretching PET during manufacture in order to increase the strength and clarity of the material.
Verpackungen
PET packaging offers protection, durability and aesthetic benefits for a wide range of products. It is lightweight, shatterproof and recyclable.
Verpackungsgesetz
The Packaging Act (VerpackG) regulates the requirements for the manufacture, labelling and disposal of packaging. Its aim is to reduce the environmental impact of packaging waste.
Closing
Closing refers to the process of securely sealing PET bottles with a closure in order to protect the product and ensure its shelf life.
Closure
A closure is the lid or cap that seals a PET bottle. Closures must be tight to prevent air from getting in and the contents from leaking out.
Vorformling
Siehe Flaschenvorformling.
Heat resistance
Heat resistance refers to the ability of PET to retain its shape at elevated temperatures. This property is important for applications such as hot filling.
Werkstoff
A material is a substance used to manufacture products. In the context of PET, it is a thermoplastic used to manufacture packaging such as bottles, containers and films. PET is known for its excellent barrier properties, high strength, transparency and recyclability, which make it a preferred material for many packaging applications.
Zertifizierung
Certification refers to the process by which an independent body confirms that a product, process or system meets certain specified standards or requirements. In the PET industry, certifications can relate to various aspects such as food safety, quality management and environmental standards. Your company besitzt folgende Zertifizierungen:
- DIN EN ISO 9001:2008: This certification relates to a quality management system that ensures processes and products consistently meet customer requirements and regulatory standards. This standard helps to improve efficiency and customer satisfaction.
- DIN EN ISO 50001:2011: This certification relates to an energy management system that helps companies continuously improve their energy performance, reduce energy consumption and increase energy efficiency. The aim is to reduce environmental impact and save costs.
- FSSC 22000: This certification (Food Safety System Certification) is an internationally recognised standard for food safety management systems. It combines ISO 22000 (food safety management systems) with additional requirements and safeguards the entire supply chain to ensure food safety.
These certifications show that EPROPLAST GmbH maintains high standards in quality, energy efficiency and food safety.
